Market Structure & Participants

1 min. readlast update: 02.18.2026

Financial Market – A marketplace where buyers and sellers trade financial assets (stocks, bonds, currencies, derivatives, commodities).

Primary Market – Where new securities are issued (e.g., IPOs, bond issuance).

Secondary Market – Where existing securities are traded (stock exchanges, OTC markets).

Liquidity – How easily an asset can be bought/sold without affecting price.

Volatility – Degree of price fluctuation over time.

Market Participants

  • Retail Traders – Individual investors

  • Institutional Investors – Banks, hedge funds, pension funds

  • Market Makers – Provide buy/sell quotes and liquidity

  • Brokers – Execute trades for clients

  • Dealers – Trade for their own accounts

Was this article helpful?